Installing Decking Steps and Handrails: A Comprehensive Guide

Adding decking steps and handrails to your outdoor space is a crucial part of decking installation, ensuring both safety and aesthetics. Whether you’re looking to enhance your outdoor decking for better accessibility or as part of a garden improvement project, this guide will walk you through regulations, step installation, and handrail installation techniques.

Building Regulations for Decking Steps and Handrails

Before starting your decking installation, it’s important to understand building regulations regarding decking steps and handrail installation. Regulations primarily focus on the height of the deck and the required safety measures.

According to the Timber Decking Association (TDA), decking falls into two categories:

• Low-level residential deck – up to 600mm in height. Landings and step balustrades must be at least 900mm high.

• High-level residential deck – over 600mm in height. Step balustrades must also be at least 900mm high, while landings require a minimum height of 1100mm.

How to Install Decking Steps

If you are new to DIY projects, consulting a contractor is advisable due to safety requirements. However, here’s a general guide to help you understand the process.

1. Measure the Deck Rise From the Ground

Determine the height from the deck to the ground and plan for a standard incline of approximately 40 degrees. This will help you decide how far the steps will extend from the deck.

2. Level the Ground

Ensure the ground where your steps will land is level. A cement base can provide additional support, but paving slabs can also work as a solid foundation.

3. Build the Step Frame

The frame consists of:

• Stringer facias – the side panels with L-shaped cutouts for step placement.

• Treads – the horizontal boards you step on.

• Risers – optional vertical panels that fit beneath the treads for closed-stringer steps.

Can I Use Decking Boards for Steps?

For durability, use pressure-treated timber, which resists rot better than untreated wood. Additionally, step boards with ridges offer better grip, reducing the risk of slipping.

How Much Should Deck Steps Overhang?

The overhang, or ‘nosing,’ should be at least 16mm. This helps conceal joints while providing a clean finish.

How Many Steps Do I Need?

Step height typically ranges between 165mm and 200mm. The number of steps will depend on the total height of your deck and the riser height chosen.

Does My Deck Need a Handrail?

If your decking steps or deck exceed 600mm in height, a handrail installation is required. Regulations specify:

• Steps under 1m wide need a handrail on one side.

• Steps over 1m wide require handrails on both sides.

Besides safety, a handrail with balusters enhances the decorative appeal of your outdoor decking.

How to Install a Decking Handrail

Proper planning ensures a smooth handrail installation. Here are the main steps:

1. Notch the Balustrade Posts

Some balustrade posts come pre-notched for easy installation. If not, you’ll need to cut an L-shape at the bottom to fit securely onto the deck’s edge.

2. Position the Posts

Have someone hold the posts while you mark their placement with a pencil. Use an 8mm drill bit to create guide holes.

3. Secure the Posts

Use 130mm exterior coach screws with washers to ensure a firm attachment.

4. Space the Balusters Correctly

Baluster posts should be spaced no more than 100mm apart, with approximately eight per meter.

5. Mark the Railings

Mark along the top and bottom rails where the posts will go. Mark the center points for drilling guide holes.

6. Drill Guide Holes

Use a 3mm drill bit to create holes along the baserail.

7. Attach the Posts to the Baserail

Secure the balusters to the bottom railing using 76mm deck screws.

8. Attach the Posts to the Top Rail

Use galvanized nails to secure the balusters to the top rail.

9. Install Fixing Brackets

Determine where to place the brackets at the corners of the deck for added support. Secure them with 25mm screws.

10. Fit the Railing

Attach the railing to the brackets and reinforce it with additional screws for stability.

Conclusion

A well-constructed set of decking steps with a secure handrail installation enhances the safety and aesthetic appeal of your outdoor decking. Whether for accessibility or garden improvement, proper planning and execution ensure a durable and visually appealing structure. By following the right steps and adhering to regulations, you can confidently complete your decking installation and enjoy a beautiful, functional outdoor space.